Constructing a Political Risk Framework through Vulnerability Assessment of Malaysia Madani Policy among University Students

Abstract

Political risk refers to the possibility of changes in the political landscape that can affect a country's stability. Recent policies such as Malaysia Madani have raised questions regarding their impact on the nation’s political vulnerability, especially among university students, who represent a significant portion of the new electorate due to the 'Undi 18' policy. This study aims to construct a new political risk framework by assessing the vulnerability of the Malaysia Madani policy among students, focusing on their perceptions and influencing factors. A mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews, is employed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of students' perceptions of political risk and the factors contributing to their vulnerability. The objectives are to identify the level of students’ perception of political risk, explore how the Malaysia Madani policy shapes these perceptions, and develop a political risk framework through vulnerability assessment specific to this policy among Malaysian students. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for policymakers to enhance students' awareness of political issues and create more effective policies to reduce vulnerability to political risks. This research contributes to a detailed and novel understanding with an output of a political risk framework that examines the vulnerability assessment of the Malaysia Madani policy among students.